ABSTRACT
Motivated by various health care applications and many other novel fields of Molecular Communication (MC), it has become an important field of research since the last decade. This paper proposes a molecular communication-based model for the spread of the SARS-CoV2 virus in the human body. The virus uses the ACE2 receptor as a gateway to enter the blood vessels, organs and then replicate itself. In response to the infection, the immune system synthesizes pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL6, IL2, and TNFa. This active bodily response may be further compromised by the generation of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL4 and IL10. We also propose a mathematical model using a Markov state transition for a flow-based molecular communication system which contributes to the detection of these pro-inflammatory cytokines level and gives a further inference about the infection in the body by taking multiple cytokines into account. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
Supply chain processes (SCM) encompass a wide spectrum of functions that facilitate the flow of a raw material till its finished product stage. The most vital aim of SCM lies in establishing a link between all the facilities of a company such as manufacturing, transporting, channelizing and delivering goods and enhancing business processes by making them more flexible, more agile and, consequently, more competitive. This unpleasant coronavirus pandemic has adversely affected almost all supply chain networks around the globe and has highlighted the shortcomings of the existing supply chains. This research study makes an attempt to find the disruptions in supply chain caused by COVID-19 by using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) and provides a few solutions for the same. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.